The image of the black man was that he was anxious at all times to rape a white woman. Of course it was over ruled. He answered: 'No'. I said, 'well, it's a part of us.'. GOODMAN: He finds dozens, scores of inconsistencies. Birmingham News Music by L.E. 2013. FLYNT: I think when that trial began he thought the nine boys were guilty. Never left a stone unturned. Much less sensitive to these issues and in fact to an extraordinary degree, a creature of his own prejudices. Voice: What is it but an appeal to prejudice, to sectionalism, to bigotry. I have every confidence in the world that we shall win there. In November 1932, Communists took their public protests to the steps of the Capitol, where they were routed by the police. It was a traditional trading day in town, but the usual crowd was swelled by thousands more from hundreds of miles around. The only reason she's doing this is because she's been bought and paid for. Janie Patterson, who had never traveled more than 100 miles from her home, led a protest march on the White House. Voice: If you ever saw those creatures those bigots whose mouths are slits in their faces, whose eyes popped out at you like frogs, whose chins dripped tobacco juice, bewhiskered and filthy, you would not ask how they could do it. Again and again, Leibowitz attacked Price's story in every possible detail: her location on the train; her physical condition; her movements on the day before the alleged rape. Charlie Weems, the oldest, was 19; Eugene Williams, the youngest, 13. William Watts and Family Once again, Patterson would go first, but this time Alabama authorities were taking no chances. The last to take the stand was Haywood Patterson. And that's what happened. And the next thing was, how we going to get them to Scottsboro? ROSE SHAPIRO, Member of Defense Team: I was walking along on the sidewalk; a dirt farmer came along and shoved me off the sidewalk into the road and spit his tobacco juice. So began the Scottsboro case, one of the 20th century's fieriest legal battles. Premiered October 1988 As television's longest-running, most-watched history series, American Experience brings to life the incredible characters and … The crowd is buzzing. After being brutally raped, why would Price show only minor scrapes and bruises to an examining doctor, and only traces of dead semen? Harriett Glickman Throw this body of death away from Alabama. Alabama Department of Archives and History Performed by Leadbelly, Opening Poem 3. The Jackson County Sentinel. What did Haywood Patterson say caused the fight on the train? The five thousand people who were lynched from 1880 to 1940, most of those were cases of black men accused of raping or sexually assaulting a white woman. $4.00. KINSHASA: He wanted the world to know that he was an innocent man. Two hundred national guardsmen ringed the courthouse to keep the crowd from rushing its doors. LEIBOWITZ: He never believed that for a moment. All those colored boys raped us.' Terror -- if you get out of line you're lynched. SCOTTSBORO: AN AMERICAN TRAGEDY recounts a disturbing chapter in American history. Fifteen minutes later, when twenty policemen had replaced their nightsticks and the screams of women in the crowd had died down, the sidewalk was strewn with communist banners. Leibowitz: Isn't it a fact, Mrs. Price, that you had intercourse with your boyfriend on the ground while Ruby had intercourse with Lester Carter right beside you? One was holding my legs and the other had a knife to my throat while another ravished me. Carol Ruth Berkin Leibowitz had won a motion to try the defendants separately. Types: Worksheets, Movie Guides. Everybody was white but just us nine. With the Supreme Court decision in Norris vs. Alabama, he also set in motion the integration of Southern juries, which would make possible many of the civil rights victories in later decades. It wasn't necessary to voice an objection, Callahan would take care of it. With Patterson's testimony over, many thought Leibowitz would rest his case. I dreamed bad dreams, with freight trains, guards' faces, and courtrooms mixed up with the look of the sky at night. People pulled into history who never wanted to be pulled into history suddenly put on a national platform, and tragically paraded out for everybody's benefit but their own. She aggressively said she couldn't remember and used it to her advantage. We felt that the system was maintained only in one way: by terror. One of them had syphilis and simply couldn't have had sexual intercourse. In March 1931, two white women stepped off a box car in Paint Rock, Alabama, with a shocking accusation of … GOODMAN: Scottsboro is the rekindling of an interracial movement of equality. Horton Family Private Collection Who coached you to say that? Add to that, he was a showman. The minute a Jewish lawyer from New York City came to Alabama that case was lost. Organize, demonstrate, protest. But inside, their lawyers were appealing the Scottsboro verdict before the Supreme Court of the United States. They just said and in effect said: 'Oh my God!'" Clarence Norris and Haywood Patterson were the first two to take the stand. He wanted to widen the circle of his renown. "The Scottsboro Boys Shall Not Die" But for all its historical significance, the Scottsboro story is at its core a riveting drama about the struggles of nine innocent young men for their lives-and a cautionary tale about using human beings as fodder for political causes. Clarence Norris. There was already poles outside that they were going to break the door down with. Roger Haydock Patterson had become a creature of Alabama's prisons. Immediately unexpected things began to happen. Norris says well the other eight did it but I didn't do it. Rerecording Mixer In 1946, Ozie Powell, 33, was let go. I can't believe the justice sysytem was so racial and took the words of Two white prositutes. In March 1931, two white women stepped from a boxcar in Paint Rock, Alabama to make the shocking accusation that they had been raped by nine black teenagers on the train. CARTER: Understandably they're terrified. Show more details Add to cart. All nine Scottsboro defendants were convicted of rape. CARTER: He thought with each attack he was strengthening his case. CARTER: The NAACP's position is these people are revolutionaries. Of showing to the world that they were capable of giving equal and fair justice to prisoners in the most emotional and threatening kinds of conditions. The jury deliberated a day before reconvicting Patterson and sentencing him to death for the third time. Scottsboro: An American Tragedy, PBS Video, 040552. And there are conflicting accounts about who said what, when. In the early 1930's the incidents of lynchings in the South had spiked upward, tracking the economic misery of poor whites. She had made her way to New York, until finally representatives of the ILD tracked her down and convinced her to return to Alabama and testify. Price: Because that is not the train I was on. DOSS: Here is a man that sees himself as having to go against much of what has been his life, much of a system that he's been a part of, that he's benefited from, that's been good to him and now he's gonna have to stand up and say uh-uh. Courtney Murphy and Tommy Fell The twelve men filed out of the courthouse, less than two weeks after they had been sworn in. The proof tends strongly to show that she knowingly testified falsely in many material aspects of the case. Haywood Patterson had been riding the freight trains so long, he said he could light a butt in the wind from the top of a moving car. In a landmark decision, the Supreme Court ruled that Alabama had deliberately excluded blacks from their juries, and yet again overturned the guilty verdicts. But, Leibowitz had no choice but to give in. Glen Shauer, Film Processing And as soon as the as soon as the word got outside the crowd outside went crazy. Wade Wright, one of Knight's co-prosecutors, opened with an emotional appeal. No, I don't think there's I don't think there's any way to see this story but as a great tragedy. Not the ILD. Everything was rumbling. COOK: That's very true, it would have been the Huntsville boys instead of the Scottsboro boys and we would have been very glad of that. [2] Goodman, James E. 1994. Hall quietly began to lobby for an end of the Scottsboro prosecutions and the parole of the defendants. We got the best of it and threw them off. In his closing argument, Leibowitz called Wade Wright's summation for the prosecution a "hangman's speech". Steven Dunlap, Stills Animation In fifteen years, he had won 77 out of 78 murder cases -- the 78th resulted in a hung jury. She comes right out and says said that: 'I made the whole story up because Victoria told me to make it up.' Voice of Patterson: We was just mindin' our own business, when one of them said, 'This is a white man's train. I saw Tennessee tags and Georgia tags. The National Party agrees. 'Bring them niggers outta there. The communists seized on Scottsboro's notoriety to reach a wider audience. Feb. 22: Curbside services are temporarily unavailable at Golden Library. In the event that we do not we are going right on up to the United States Supreme Court in Washington. 'Pour it to her, pour it to her' they hollered. By 1931, wages in the mills had dropped so low that Victoria and Ruby could only afford to live in the black section of Huntsville where they occasionally traded sex with both black and white men for food and clothing. Throughout Patterson's trial, the other eight defendants had been kept locked away in the Decatur jail, unaware of the proceedings. It did appear to a great many people in the 1930s that capitalism was in crisis. I got all excited all over again. Raise your voices. 1996 and Daniel Anker, 1964-2014 , WGBH Educational Foundation and Social Media Productions , in American Experience ( Arlington, VA : Public Broadcasting Service , 2001 ) , 1 hour 23 mins In the months following the verdict, he began to appear at Scottsboro rallies in Harlem, where he promised to carry on the struggle in the South. That was a standard in all of the demonstrations. The world knew about this case because of the way the Communists spread the word. Then all of a sudden there's this cascading kind of evidence that indicates something has gone terribly wrong. Frances mcdormand This time, it voted to parole 31 year-old Charlie Weems after 12 years in Kilby. John Cadell Frustrated, Leibowitz finally shouted: "You're a pretty good little actress aren't you?". And he had a sense of timing that Jack Benny would have envied. Leibowitz, SOT: The appeals are now being rushed to the Alabama Supreme Court. Scattered among the cars of the freight were some two dozen hoboes -- black and white. Scottsboro helped forge a new kind of movement: whites and blacks marched side by side for the first time since the days of abolition. Voice: Two hundred communists undertook to march down Lenox Avenue through the center of Harlem yesterday afternoon in defiance of the police. The twelve jurors ultimately chosen to sit in judgment of Patterson included a shopkeeper, a barber, a clerk and several farmers. But Leibowitz was unconcerned. How, asked Grover Hall, could the Scottsboro defendants be "half guilty and half innocent?" He is buried in a neglected cemetery in Chattanooga. … Then, in 1976, she surfaced to sue NBC for broadcasting a television movie that portrayed her as a prostitute and a liar. To break you. But as soon as he would turn his back, they were back again. THORNTON: Here was an example of their doing it right! A CD of the Scottsboro soundtrack, composed by Edward Bilous, is also available at shopPBS. Miriam Sherman FLYNT: The first thing they try to do is concoct an excuse for themselves. The abolition of slavery had not been really fulfilled we now had sharecropping. Nothing can be gained by demanding the final pound of flesh. But that's the footnote to this story. BiblioCore: app05 Version 8.36.2 Last updated 2021/02/08 13:30, [San Francisco, California, USA] : Kanopy Streaming, 2016, 1 online resource (1 video file, approximately 86 minutes) : digital, .flv file, sound. Voice: Her testimony was contradictory, often evasive. He studied every aspect of a case. Which word best describes Victoria Price's testimony? Because he remembered getting off that train with those other eight guys and here he was getting his pardon alone. It would draw North and South into their sharpest conflict since the Civil War, and yield two momentous Supreme Court decisions. He had no idea. She hardly fit the stereotype of the young Southern lady -- hard-talking, tobacco chewing, but a kind of feistiness to her. Attorney General Thomas Knight, also the State's prosecutor, engineered the removal of Judge Horton from the case, and named in his place 70 year-old judge William Callahan. In Harlem, thousands had closely followed the events in Alabama; the verdict shocked and radicalized many. DVD, Streaming Video . In 2013 the Alabama parole board voted to grant posthumous pardons to the three Scottsboro Boys who had not been pardoned or had their convictions overturned. Archive Photos Library of Congress Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library The boys' cells were separated by a thin door from Kilby's electric chair. Yet she has a manner that makes it difficult for him to make his points. Price had claimed that she and Bates had spent that night in a boarding house in Chattanooga owned by a Mrs. Callie Brochie. New York Daily News There's no state in this union that has a bigger chip on its shoulder than Alabama. BANKS: Each time he would say: "I did not touch any of them. Laura Arkeketa. Morgan Country Archives To stand trial first, the state had selected 19 year-old Haywood Patterson. Each denied having ever touched Victoria Price or Ruby Bates. Leibowitz: If you can't say, why do you say it is different? FRANK GRIGG, Resident: I've had people that knew that you and I were going to have this conversation and some of them said, no, don't do it. American Experience: Scottsboro: An American Tragedy DVD - AV Item,In March 1931, two white women stepped off a box car in Paint Rock, Alabama, with a shocking accusation of gang rape, by nine black teenagers on the train. GOODMAN: What Leibowitz does is pretend that he's about to rest his case. Their first night in Kilby, the boys rioted, tearing up their bedding and hurling their food through the bars. Stop! Not to back Alabamians off but to harden and toughen the resistance to any kind of fair trial. There was demonstrations in Spain. Scottsboro: An American Tragedy movie reviews & Metacritic score: Covering several decades, this documentary examines the Scottsboro case, an often-overlooked chapter in our nation’s history. And Patterson says well I didn't do it but they did it. By the next morning, the National Guard had secured the jail while newspapers identified what one called "the nine Negro brutes.". And the question of who really cared about them, who really defended them? They would not have been non-motile if six Negroes had ejaculated into her an hour to an hour-and-a-half before she was examined by the doctor. GOODMAN: In the minds of many Alabamians, by the middle of the trial in Judge Horton's court, this case is not so much about what happened on that freight train. Thankfully all the boys have now all been pardoned. “The Scottsboro Trials” PBS Documentary—The American Experience Comprehension Questions 1. She died for real a few years later still insisting that she had told the truth. Louder: No! Despite contributions from around the world to purchase new clothes, food, even musical instruments, the boys' international notoriety singled them out for continual torment by guards. Leibowitz: Ah, ha! Antonio Rossi, Additional Music American Experience, Scottsboro: An American Tragedy directed by Barak Goodman, fl.
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